e-research: desafíos y oportunidades para las ciencias sociales
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ene 1, 2011
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La incorporación progresiva de internet y las tecnologías digitales en las prácticas investigadoras de los científicos sociales va acompañada de toda una serie de expectativas de revolución de la ciencia. Sin celebrar acríticamente estos discursos ni minimizarlos, y siguiendo la tradición de análisis de los estudios sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología, argumentamos que a través de las expectativas se abren espacios para la intervención y transformación de las prácticas epistémicas de la investigación social; un proceso que denominamos e-research. Más allá de facilitar o automatizar tareas, la incorporación de estas tecnologías plantea toda una serie de problemáticas metodológicas y epistémicas. Discutimos algunas de las que surgen con la utilización de internet como una herramienta de investigación y concluimos que si bien las tecnologías digitales ofrecen la posibilidad de intervenir en la reformulación de los métodos de la investigación social, esto exige de los investigadores una práctica reflexiva que problematice permanentemente la incorporación de dichas tecnologías.
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Como citar
ESTALELLA, Adolfo; ARDÉVOL, Elisenda.
e-research: desafíos y oportunidades para las ciencias sociales.
Convergencia Revista de Ciencias Sociales, [S.l.], n. 55, ene. 2011.
ISSN 2448-5799.
Disponible en: <https://convergencia.uaemex.mx/article/view/1132>. Fecha de acceso: 05 oct. 2024
Palabras clave
investigación cualitativa; e-research; metodología; internet; tecnologías digitales
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Citas
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Association of Social Anthropology (ASA) (1999), Ethical Guidelines for Good Research Practice, Reino Unido.
Ardévol, Elisenda y Gemma San Cornelio (2007), “Si quieres vernos en acción: YouTube.com. Prácticas mediáticas y autoproducción en Internet”, en Revista Chilena de Antropología Visual, vol. 10.
Atkins, Daniel E. et al. (2003), “Revolutionizing Science and Engineering through Cyberinfrastructure”, informe de la National Science Foundation Blue-Ribbon Advisory Panel on Cyberinfrastructure, Washington, DC: National Science Foundation.
Bakardjieva, Maria y Andrew Feenberg (2001), “Involving the Virtual Subject: conceptual, methodological an ethical dimmensions”, en Journal of Ethics and Information Technology, vol. 2, núm. 4.
Barjak, Franz et al. (2008), “e-Infrastructure adoption in the social sciences and humanities: cross-national evidence”, en eResearch Conference 2008, Oxford (Reino Unido).
Beaulieu, Anne (2010), “Research Note: From co-location to co-presence: Shifts in the use of ethnography for the study of knowledge”, en Social Studies of Science, vol. 40, núm. 3.
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Fielding, Nigel G. (2008), “Grid Computing and Qualitative Social Science”, en Social Science Computer Review, vol. 26, núm. 3.
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Hine, Christine (2007), “Connective ethnography for the exploration of e-science”, en Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, vol. 12, núm. 2.
Hine, Christine (2008), Systematics as Cyberscience. Computers, Change and Continuity in Science, Cambridge (Massachusetts), Londres (Inglaterra): The MIT Press.
Holge-Hazelton, Bibi (2002), “The Internet: A New Field for Qualitative Inquiry?”, en Forum: Qualitative Social Research, vol. 3, núm. 2.
Hookway, Nicholas (2008), “Entering the blogosphere’: some strategies for using blogs in social research”, en Qualitative Research, vol. 8, núm. 1.
Ice, Gillian H. (2004), “Technological Advances in Observational Data Collection: The Advantages and Limitations of Computer-Assisted Data Collection”, en Field Methods, vol. 16, núm. 3.
Illingworth, Nicola (2001), “The Internet Matters: Exploring the Use of the Internet as a Research Tool”, en Sociological Research Online, vol. 6, núm. 2.
Jankowski, Nicholas W. (2007), “Exploring e-science: An introduction. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication”, en Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, vol. 12, núm. 2.
Jensen, Casper Bruun y Peter Lauritsen (2005), “Reading Digital Denmark: IT Reports as Material-Semiotic Actors”, en Science Technology Human Values, vol. 30, núm. 3.
Kelle, Udo (1997), “Theory Building in Qualitative Research and Computer Programs for the Management of Textual Data”, en Sociological Research Online, vol. 2, núm. 2.
King, Storm (1996), “Researching internet communities: proposed ethical guidelines for the reporting of results”, en The Information Society, vol. 12, núm. 2.
Knoblauch, Hubert et al. (2008), “Visual Analysis. New Developments in the Interpretative Analysis of Video and Photography”, en Forum Qualitative Social Research, vol. 9, núm. 3.
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Latour, Bruno (1987), Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers Through Society, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard.
Latour, Bruno y Steve Woolgar (1995), La vida en el laboratorio. La construcción de los hechos científicos, Madrid: Alianza.
Lee, Raymond M. (2004), “Recording Technologies and the Interview in Sociology, 1920–2000”, en Sociology, vol. 38, núm. 5.
MacMillan, Katie y Thomas Koenig (2004), “The Wow Factor: Preconceptions and Expectations for Data Analysis Software in Qualitative Research”, en Social Science Computer Review, vol. 22, núm. 2.
Mann, Chris y Fiona Stewart (2000), Internet Communication and Qualitative Research: A Handbook for Researching Online, Oxon: Routledge.
Markham, Annette N. (2004), “Internet communication as a tool for qualitative research”, en Silverman David [ed.], Qualitative Research: Theory, Methods, and Practice, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Maynard, Douglas W. y Nora Cate Schaeffer (2000), “Toward a Sociology of Social Scientific Knowledge: Survey Research and Ethnomethodology’s Asymmetric Alternates”, en Social Studies of Science, vol. 30, núm. 3.
Mortensen, Toril y Jill Walker (2002), “Blogging thoughts: personal publication as an online research tool”, en Andrew Morrison [ed.], Researching ICTs in Context. Oslo: InterMedia Report.
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Nissenbaum, Helen (1998), “Protecting Privacy in an Information Age: The Problem of Privacy in Public”, en Law and Philosophy, vol. 17.
Orgad, Shani (2005), “From Online to Offline and Back: Moving from Online to Offline Relationships with Research Informants”, en Christine Hine [ed.], Virtual Methods. Issues in Social Research on the Internet, Oxford: Berg.
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Synthesizing Proteins in the Test Tube, Stanford, CA: Stanford University.
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Santoyo R., Margarita y José Arellano Sánchez (2002), “Información y adaptación tecnológica de la bibliotecología”, en Convergencia, vol. 9, núm. 29.
Schneider, S. M. y K. A. Foot (2005), “Web Sphere Analysis: An Approach to Studying Online Action”, en Christine Hine [ed.], Virtual Methods. Issues in Social Research on the Internet, Oxford: Berg.
Secrist, Cory et al. (2002), “Combining Digital Video Technology and Narrative Methods for Understanding Infant Development”, en Forum Qualitative Social Research, vol. 3, núm. 2.
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Steeh, Charlotte et al. (2007), “Using Text Messages in U.S. Mobile Phone Surveys”, en Field Methods, vol. 19, núm. 1.
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Walther, Joseph B. (2002), “Research Ethics in Internet-Enabled Research: Human Subjects Issues and Methodological Myopia”, en Ethics and Information Technology, vol. 4, núm. 3.
Wascul, Dennis y Mark Douglass (1996), “Considering the Electronic Participant: Some Polemical Observations on the Ethics of On-line Research”, en The Information Society, vol. 12, núm. 2.
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Recursos electrónicos
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William H. Dutton y Eric T. Meyer (2008), “Experience with New Tools and Infrastructures of Research: Distance From, and Attitudes Toward, e-research”. Disponible en URL: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1150422
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Ardévol, Elisenda et al. (2008), “Introducción. La mediación tecnológica en la práctica etnográfica”, en Ardévol, Elisenda et al., La mediación tecnológica en la práctica etnográfica. Actas del XI Congreso de Antropología de la FAAEE, Donostia: Ankulegi.
Association of Social Anthropology (ASA) (1999), Ethical Guidelines for Good Research Practice, Reino Unido.
Ardévol, Elisenda y Gemma San Cornelio (2007), “Si quieres vernos en acción: YouTube.com. Prácticas mediáticas y autoproducción en Internet”, en Revista Chilena de Antropología Visual, vol. 10.
Atkins, Daniel E. et al. (2003), “Revolutionizing Science and Engineering through Cyberinfrastructure”, informe de la National Science Foundation Blue-Ribbon Advisory Panel on Cyberinfrastructure, Washington, DC: National Science Foundation.
Bakardjieva, Maria y Andrew Feenberg (2001), “Involving the Virtual Subject: conceptual, methodological an ethical dimmensions”, en Journal of Ethics and Information Technology, vol. 2, núm. 4.
Barjak, Franz et al. (2008), “e-Infrastructure adoption in the social sciences and humanities: cross-national evidence”, en eResearch Conference 2008, Oxford (Reino Unido).
Beaulieu, Anne (2010), “Research Note: From co-location to co-presence: Shifts in the use of ethnography for the study of knowledge”, en Social Studies of Science, vol. 40, núm. 3.
Beaulieu, Anne y Paul Wouters (2008), “E-research as intervention”, en Nick Jankowski [ed.], e-Research: Transformations in Scholarly Practice, Oxon: Routledge.
Beaulieu, Anne y Adolfo Estalella (en imprenta), “Rethinking Research Ethics for Mediated Settings”, en Information, Communication and Society.
Bohlin, I. (2004) “Communication Regimes in Competition: The Current Transition in Scholarly Communication Seen Through the Lens of the Sociology of Technology”, en Social Studies of Science, vol. 34 núm. 3.
Borgman, C. y J. Furner (2002), “Scholarly communication and bibliometrics”, en Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, vol. 36.
Borup, Mads et al. (2006), “The Sociology of Expectations in Science and Technology”, en Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, vol. 18, núm. 3/4.
Bromseth, Jane (2002), “Public places - public activities? Methodological approaches and ethical dilemmas in research on computermediated communication contexts”, presentado en Skikt-Researchers’ Conference.
Brown, David (2002), “Going Digital and Staying Qualitative: Some Alternative Strategies for Digitizing the Qualitative Research Process”, en Forum: Qualitative Social Research, vol. 3, núm. 2.
Brown, Nik (2003), “Hope Against Hype – Accountability in Biopasts, Presents and Futures”, en Science Studies, vol. 16, núm. 2.
Burton, Laura J. y Jennifer E. Bruening (2003), “Technology and method intersect in the online focus group”, en Quest, núm. 55.
Cisneros, César A. (2003), “Análisis cualitativo asistido por computadora”, en Sociologías, vol. 9, núm. 9.
Coffey, Amanda et al. (1996), “Qualitative Data Analysis: Technologies and Representations”, en Sociological Research Online, vol. 1, núm. 1.
Díaz de Rada, Ángel (2008), “La mediación computacional de la comunicación y la lógica de la investigación etnográfica: algunos motivos de la reflexión”, en Ardévol, Elisenda et al. [eds.], La mediación tecnológica en la práctica etnográfica, Donostia: Ankulegi.
Ess, Charles (2002), “Ethical decision-making and Internet research: Recommendations from the aoir ethics working committee”, editado por la Association of Internet Researchers (AoIR).
Estalella, Adolfo (2008), “Blogging as fieldwork. More than producing knowledge, performing reality in ethnography”, en ‘In the game’ preconference, 9ª conferencia anual de la AoIR. Copenagüe (Dinamarca).
Estalella, Adolfo (2010), “Common values, controversial facts: enacting dialogical ethics”, en The values in qualitative research. 11th Annual Workshop of the Center for Qualitative Psychology, 12-14 de marzo, Sassari (Italia).
Estalella, Adolfo y Elisenda Ardévol (2007), “Ética de campo: hacia una ética situada para la investigación etnográfica de internet”, en Forum Qualitative Social Research, vol. 8, núm. 3.
FECYT (2004), e-Ciencia en España. Libro blanco. Editado por Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Madrid.
Fielding, Nigel (2000), “The Shared Fate of Two Innovations in Qualitative Methodology: The Relationship of Qualitative Software and Secondary Analysis of Archived Qualitative Data”, en Forum Qualitative Social Research, vol. 1, núm. 3.
Fielding, Nigel G. (2008), “Grid Computing and Qualitative Social Science”, en Social Science Computer Review, vol. 26, núm. 3.
Fischer, Michael D. (2006), “Introduction: Configuring Anthropology”, en Social Science Computer Review, vol. 24, núm. 3.
Flichy, Patrice (2003), Lo imaginario de Internet, Madrid: Tecnos.
Gibbs, Graham R. et al. (2002), “The Use of New Technology in Qualitative Research. Introduction to Issue 3(2) of FQS”, vol. 3, núm. 2.
Gravlee, Clarence C. et al. (2006), “Handheld Computers for Direct Observation of the Social and Physical Environment”, en Field Methods, vol. 18, núm. 4.
Gunnarsdottír, K. (2005), “Scientific Journal Publications: On the Role of Electronic Preprint Exchange in the Distribution of Scientific Literature”, en Social Studies of Science, vol. 35, núm. 4.
Hessler, Richard M. et al. (2003), “Qualitative Research on Adolescent Risk Using E-Mail: A Methodological Assessment”, en Qualitative Sociology, vol. 26, núm. 1.
Hewson, Claire et al. (2003), Internet Research Methods, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hine, Christine (2004), “Social Research Methods and the Internet: A Thematic Review”, en Sociological Research Online, vol. 9, núm. 2.
Hine, Christine [ed.] (2005), Virtual Methods. Issues in Social Research on the Internet, Oxford: Berg.
Hine, Christine (2007), “Connective ethnography for the exploration of e-science”, en Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, vol. 12, núm. 2.
Hine, Christine (2008), Systematics as Cyberscience. Computers, Change and Continuity in Science, Cambridge (Massachusetts), Londres (Inglaterra): The MIT Press.
Holge-Hazelton, Bibi (2002), “The Internet: A New Field for Qualitative Inquiry?”, en Forum: Qualitative Social Research, vol. 3, núm. 2.
Hookway, Nicholas (2008), “Entering the blogosphere’: some strategies for using blogs in social research”, en Qualitative Research, vol. 8, núm. 1.
Ice, Gillian H. (2004), “Technological Advances in Observational Data Collection: The Advantages and Limitations of Computer-Assisted Data Collection”, en Field Methods, vol. 16, núm. 3.
Illingworth, Nicola (2001), “The Internet Matters: Exploring the Use of the Internet as a Research Tool”, en Sociological Research Online, vol. 6, núm. 2.
Jankowski, Nicholas W. (2007), “Exploring e-science: An introduction. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication”, en Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, vol. 12, núm. 2.
Jensen, Casper Bruun y Peter Lauritsen (2005), “Reading Digital Denmark: IT Reports as Material-Semiotic Actors”, en Science Technology Human Values, vol. 30, núm. 3.
Kelle, Udo (1997), “Theory Building in Qualitative Research and Computer Programs for the Management of Textual Data”, en Sociological Research Online, vol. 2, núm. 2.
King, Storm (1996), “Researching internet communities: proposed ethical guidelines for the reporting of results”, en The Information Society, vol. 12, núm. 2.
Knoblauch, Hubert et al. (2008), “Visual Analysis. New Developments in the Interpretative Analysis of Video and Photography”, en Forum Qualitative Social Research, vol. 9, núm. 3.
Knorr-Cetina, Karin (1999), Epistemic cultures: how the sciences make knowledge, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Latour, Bruno (1987), Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers Through Society, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard.
Latour, Bruno y Steve Woolgar (1995), La vida en el laboratorio. La construcción de los hechos científicos, Madrid: Alianza.
Lee, Raymond M. (2004), “Recording Technologies and the Interview in Sociology, 1920–2000”, en Sociology, vol. 38, núm. 5.
MacMillan, Katie y Thomas Koenig (2004), “The Wow Factor: Preconceptions and Expectations for Data Analysis Software in Qualitative Research”, en Social Science Computer Review, vol. 22, núm. 2.
Mann, Chris y Fiona Stewart (2000), Internet Communication and Qualitative Research: A Handbook for Researching Online, Oxon: Routledge.
Markham, Annette N. (2004), “Internet communication as a tool for qualitative research”, en Silverman David [ed.], Qualitative Research: Theory, Methods, and Practice, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Maynard, Douglas W. y Nora Cate Schaeffer (2000), “Toward a Sociology of Social Scientific Knowledge: Survey Research and Ethnomethodology’s Asymmetric Alternates”, en Social Studies of Science, vol. 30, núm. 3.
Mortensen, Toril y Jill Walker (2002), “Blogging thoughts: personal publication as an online research tool”, en Andrew Morrison [ed.], Researching ICTs in Context. Oslo: InterMedia Report.
Nentwich, M. (2003), Cyberscience. Research in the Age of the Internet, Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press.
NESH (2001), Guidelines for research ethics in the social sciences, law and the humanities, The National Committee for Research Ethics in the Social Sciences and the Humanities (NESH), Noruega.
NESH (2003), Research ethics guidelines for internet research, The National Committee for Research Ethics in the Social sciences and the Humanities (NESH), Noruega.
Nissenbaum, Helen (1998), “Protecting Privacy in an Information Age: The Problem of Privacy in Public”, en Law and Philosophy, vol. 17.
Orgad, Shani (2005), “From Online to Offline and Back: Moving from Online to Offline Relationships with Research Informants”, en Christine Hine [ed.], Virtual Methods. Issues in Social Research on the Internet, Oxford: Berg.
Platt, Jennifer (2002), “The History of the Interview”, en Gubrium, Jay y James F. Holstein, Handbook of Interview Research: Context and Method, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Rheinberger, Hans-Jörg (1997), Toward a History of Epistemic Things.
Synthesizing Proteins in the Test Tube, Stanford, CA: Stanford University.
Roberts, Kathryn A. y Richard W. Wilson (2002), “ICT and the Research Process: Issues Around the Compatibility of Technology with Qualitative Data Analysis”, en Forum Qualitative Social Research, vol. 3, núm. 2.
Ruby, Jay (2000-2001), “The Profesionalization of Visual. Anthropology in the United States. The 1960s and the 1970s”, en Visual Anthropology Review, vol. 17, núm. 2.
Santoyo R., Margarita y José Arellano Sánchez (2002), “Información y adaptación tecnológica de la bibliotecología”, en Convergencia, vol. 9, núm. 29.
Schneider, S. M. y K. A. Foot (2005), “Web Sphere Analysis: An Approach to Studying Online Action”, en Christine Hine [ed.], Virtual Methods. Issues in Social Research on the Internet, Oxford: Berg.
Secrist, Cory et al. (2002), “Combining Digital Video Technology and Narrative Methods for Understanding Infant Development”, en Forum Qualitative Social Research, vol. 3, núm. 2.
Selwyn, Neil y Kate Robson (1998), “Using e-mail as a research tool”, en Social Research Update, vol. 21.
Steeh, Charlotte et al. (2007), “Using Text Messages in U.S. Mobile Phone Surveys”, en Field Methods, vol. 19, núm. 1.
Valles, Miguel S. (2005a), “El reto de la calidad en la investigación social cualitativa: de la retórica a los planteamientos de fondo y las propuestas técnicas”, en Reis, vol. 110.
Valles, Miguel S. (2005b), “Metodología y tecnología cualitativas: actualización de un debate, desde la mirada más atenta de la obra de Barney G. Glaser”, en Empiria. Revista de Metodología de Ciencias Sociales, vol. 9, enero-junio.
Walther, Joseph B. (2002), “Research Ethics in Internet-Enabled Research: Human Subjects Issues and Methodological Myopia”, en Ethics and Information Technology, vol. 4, núm. 3.
Wascul, Dennis y Mark Douglass (1996), “Considering the Electronic Participant: Some Polemical Observations on the Ethics of On-line Research”, en The Information Society, vol. 12, núm. 2.
Welshons, Marlo (2006), Our Cultural Commonwealth. The report of the American Council of Learned Societies Commission on Cyberinfrastructure for the Humanities and Social Sciences, editado por la American Council of Learned Societies, EUA.
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Recursos electrónicos
International Sociological Association (2001), Code of Ethics. Disponible en URL: http://www.isa-sociology.org/about/isa_code_of_ethics.htm
William H. Dutton y Eric T. Meyer (2008), “Experience with New Tools and Infrastructures of Research: Distance From, and Attitudes Toward, e-research”. Disponible en URL: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1150422