Social Movements as Actor-Networks: Prospects for a Symmetrical Approach to Doñana’s Environmentalist Protests
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may 1, 2011
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Conceptualizar y comprender las formas de acción colectiva ha sido históricamente una de las preocupaciones del pensamiento social. En este contexto, propongo que el bagaje conceptual y metodológico desarrollado por la denominada Teoría del Actor Red puede ser una herramienta fundamental para enriquecer y renovar el análisis de la acción colectiva. Para ello, me centraré en dos de las contribuciones principales de este enfoque: i) su comprensión alternativa de la acción social y ii) su definición alternativa del “colectivo”. Ambas contribuciones, afirmaré, permiten abrir una interesante discusión sobre la posibilidad misma de articular una teoría no dicotómica de la acción colectiva que difiera de las traiciones dominantes y que tenga en cuenta el carácter materialmente heterogéneo y relacional de los movimientos sociales. Para ilustrar la fertilidad de este enfoque me centraré en el análisis de las acciones y reacciones que desplegaron los grupos ecologistas durante el Desastre Ecológico de Doñana (1998-2002), en España.
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RODRÍGUEZ-GIRALT, Israel.
Social Movements as Actor-Networks: Prospects for a Symmetrical Approach to Doñana’s Environmentalist Protests.
Convergencia Revista de Ciencias Sociales, [S.l.], n. 56, mayo 2011.
ISSN 2448-5799.
Disponible en: <https://convergencia.uaemex.mx/article/view/1118>. Fecha de acceso: 05 oct. 2024
Palabras clave
movimientos sociales; dicotomismo; ambientalismo; Teoría del Actor Red; crisis ecológicas
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Bloor, David. (1976), Knowledge and social imagery, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Brante, Thomas, Steve Fuller and William Lynch [eds] (1993), Controversial science, Nueva York: State University of New York Press.
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Callon, Michel and John Law (1997), “After the individual in society: Lessons on collectivity from science, technology and society”, in Canadian Journal of Sociology, 22(2).
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Diani, Mario and Doug McAdam (2003), Social movements and networks: relational approaches to collective action, Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
Domenèch, Miquel and Francisco Tirado (1998), Sociología simétrica: Ensayos sobre ciencia, tecnología y sociedad, Barcelona: Gedisa.
Escobar, Arturo (2000), “Notes on networks and anti-globalization social movements”, in Session on Actors, Networks, Meanings: Environmental Social Movements and the Anthropology of Activism 2000 AAA Annual Meeting¸ San Francisco.
García-Novo, Francisco (1998), Informe de seguimiento de los efectos del accidente de Aznalcóllar, Sevilla: Junta de Andalucía.
Giddens, Anthony (1984), The constitution of society, Cambridge: Polity.
Greenpeace (2000), Doñana. Dos años después del vertido de Analcóllar, Informe.
Hajer, Marteen A. (1995), The politics of environmental discourse.
Ecological Modernization and the Policy Process, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Jamison, Andrew (2001), The Making of Green Knowledge. Environmental Politics and Cultural Transformation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Juris, Jeff (2008), Networking Futures: the Movements against Corporate Globalization, Durham and London: Duke University Press.
Kitschelt, Herbert (1991), “Resources Mobilization Theory: A Critique”, in Dieter Rucht [ed.], Research on social movements: the state of the art in Western Europe and the USA, Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
Klandermans, Bert, Hanspeter Kriesi and Sidney G. Tarrow (1988), From structure to action: comparing social movement research across cultures, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Klandermans, Bert (1997), The social psychology of protest, Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers.
Knorr-Cetina, Karin (1981), “The micro-sociological challenge of macro-sociology: Towards a reconstruction of social theory and methodology” in Karin Knorr-Cetina, and Aaron V. Cicourel [eds.], Advances in social theory and methodology: Toward an Integration of Micro- and Macro-Sociologies, London: Routledge & Keagan Paul.
Kriesi, Hanspeter (1995), New social movements in Western Europe: a comparative analysis, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Laraña, Enrique (1999), La construcción de los movimientos sociales, Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Latour, Bruno (1987), Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Latour, Bruno (1993), Nunca hemos sido modernos, Madrid: Debate.
Latour, Bruno (1994), “Where are the missing masses? The sociology of a few mundane artifacts”, in Wiebe Bijker and John Law [eds.], Shaping technology / building society: studies in sociotechnical change, Cambrigde, MA: The MIT Press.
Latour, Bruno (1999a), Pandora’s hope: Essays on the reality of science studies, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Latour, Bruno (1999b), “On Recalling ANT”. In John Law and John Hassard [eds.], Actor Network and After, Oxford: Blackwell and the Sociological Review.
Latour, Bruno (2000), “When Things Strike Back: A Possible Contribution of Science Studies to the Social Sciences”, in British Journal of Sociology 51(1).
Latour, Bruno (2004), Politiques of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences into Democracy, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Latour, Bruno (2005), Reassembling the social: An introduction to actor-network-theory, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Latour, Bruno and Steve Woolgar (1979), Laboratory Life: the Social Construction of Scientific facts. London and Beverly Hills: Sage.
Law, John (1987), “Technology and heterogeneous engineering: The case of Portuguese expansion”, In by Wiebe E. Bijker, Thomas P. Hugues and Trevor J. Pinch [eds.], The social construction of technological systems: New directions in the sociology and history of technology, Cambridge: MIT Press.
Law, John (1994), Organizing modernity, Oxford: Blackwell.
Law, John and John Hassard [eds.] (1999), Actor Network Theory and After, Oxford: Blackwell.
Lockie, Stewart (2004), “Collective Agency, Non-Human Causality and Environmental Social Movements: A Case Study of the Australian ‘Landcare Movement’”, in Journal of Sociology, 40(1).
McAdam, Doug, John McCarthy, J. and Mayer Zald (1996), Comparative perspectives on social movements: political opportunities, mobilizing structures, and cultural framings, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Melucci, Alberto, John Keane and Paul Mier (1989), Nomads of the present: social movements and individual needs in contemporary society, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Melucci, Alberto (1992), “Frontier Land: Collective Action between Actors and Systems”, in Mario Diani and Roy Eyerman [eds.], Studying Collective Action, London: Sage.
Melucci, Alberto (1996), Challenging codes: collective action in the information age, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mendiola, Ignacio (2003), “Hacia una redefinición de los movimientos sociales: macro-actores proxémicos”, in Athenea Digital, 4(2). [Revised, November 25, 2009].
Murdoch, Jonathan (1997), “Inhuman/nonhuman/human: actor-network theory and the prospects for a nondualistic and symmetrical perspective on nature and society”, in Environment and Planning, 15.
Nelkin, Dorothy (1994), “Science controversies: The dynamics of public disputes in the United States”, in Sheila Jasanoff, Gerald E. Markle, James C. Peterson, and Trevor Pinch [eds.], Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, Thousand Oaks, Ca.: Sage Publications.
Purdue, Derrick A. (2000), Anti-Genetix. The emergence of the anti-GM movement, Ashgate: Aldershot.
Rabeharisoa, Vololona and Callon, Michel (1999), Le Pouvoir des malades. L’Association française contre les myopathies et la recherche, París: Les Presses de l’Ecole des mines de Paris.
Rucht, Dieter (1991), Research on social movements: the state of the art in Western Europe and the USA, Frankfurt am Main Boulder, Colo.: Campus Verlag; Westview Press.
Rule, James B. (1989), “Rationality and Non-Rationality in Militant Collective Action”, in Sociological Theory, 7(2).
Sheller, Mimi (2001), “The Mechanisms of Mobility and Liquidity: Re-thinking the Movement in Social Movements,” published by the Department of Sociology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YN, UK. [Revised, November 25, 2009].
Strum, Sheila C. and Bruno Latour (1987), “Redefining the social link: From baboons to humans” in Social Science Information, 26.
Szasz, Andrew (1994), Ecopopulism: Toxic Waste and the Movement for Environmental Justice, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Tilly, Charles (2004), Social Movements, 1768-2004, Boulder, Colorado: Paradigm Press.
Tilly, Charles and Sidney Tarrow (2007), Contentious politics, Boulder, Colorado: Paradigm Publishers.
WWF/ADENA (2004), Report on the situation of the Aznalcóllar Mine and the Guadiamar Green Corridor, Madrid: WWF.
Yearley, Steven (1996), Sociology, environmentalism, globalization: reinventing the globe, London: Sage.
Aparicio Juan (1998), Saving Doñana: a collective effort? Manifiesto de la Asociación Española para el Avance de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (AACTE).
Aparicio, Antonio, Javier Escartín, Luis Santamaría and Pablo Valverde (1998), “Toxic Spill Caught Spain Off Guard”, in Nature, 395.
Benton, Ted (1995), “Biology and social theory”, in M. Redclift, and T.
Benton [eds.] Social Theory and the Global Environment, London: Routledge.
Bloor, David. (1976), Knowledge and social imagery, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Brante, Thomas, Steve Fuller and William Lynch [eds] (1993), Controversial science, Nueva York: State University of New York Press.
Brown, Phil and Susan Masterson-Allen (1994), “The toxic waste movement: a new type of activism”, in Society and Natural Resources, 7 (3).
Buechler, Steven M. (2000), Social movements in advanced capitalism: the political economy and cultural construction of social activism, New York: Oxford University Press.
Callon, Michel (1986), “Some elements of a sociology of translation: Domestication of the scallops and the fishermen of St. Brieuc bay”, in Michel Callon, and John Law [eds.], Power, action and belief: A new sociology of knowledge, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Callon, Michel (1987), “Society in the making: The study of technology as a tool for sociological analysis”, in Wiebe E. Bijker, Thomas P. Hugues and Trevor J. Pinch [eds], The social construction of technological systems: New directions in the sociology and history of technology, Cambridge (MA): MIT Press.
Callon, Michel and Bruno Latour (1981), “Unscrewing the big Leviathan: How actors macro-structure reality and how sociologists help them to do so”, in Karin Knorr-Cetina and Aaron. V. Cicourel, Advances in social theory and methodology: Toward an Integration of Micro- and Macro-Sociologies, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Callon, Michel and John Law (1995), “Agency and the hybrid «Collectif»”, in The South Atlantic Quarterly, 94(2).
Callon, Michel, Pierre Lascoumes and Yannick Barthe (2001), Agir dans un monde incertain: essai sur la democratie technique, Paris: Editions du Seuil.
Callon, Michel and John Law (1997), “After the individual in society: Lessons on collectivity from science, technology and society”, in Canadian Journal of Sociology, 22(2).
Castells, Manuel (1997), The power of identity, Malden, Mass.: Blackwell.
Crossley, Nick (2002), Making sense of social movements, Buckingham: Open University Press.
Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (1999), 11º Informe del Grupo de Expertos del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y otros Organismos Colaboradores sobre la Emergencia Ecológica del Río Guadiamar, Madrid: CSIC
De Lucio, José Vicente (1997), Espacios Naturales Protegidos del Estado Español. Federación de Parques Naturales y Nacionales de Europa. Sección Española-Centro de Investigaciones Ambientales González Bernáldez, Madrid: Comunidad de Madrid.
Della Porta, Donatella and Mario Diani (1999), Social Movements: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell.
Diani, Mario (1992), “The Concept of Social Movement”, in Sociological Review 40(1).
Diani, Mario and Roy Eyerman (1992), Studying collective action, London. Sage Publications.
Diani, Mario and Doug McAdam (2003), Social movements and networks: relational approaches to collective action, Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
Domenèch, Miquel and Francisco Tirado (1998), Sociología simétrica: Ensayos sobre ciencia, tecnología y sociedad, Barcelona: Gedisa.
Escobar, Arturo (2000), “Notes on networks and anti-globalization social movements”, in Session on Actors, Networks, Meanings: Environmental Social Movements and the Anthropology of Activism 2000 AAA Annual Meeting¸ San Francisco.
García-Novo, Francisco (1998), Informe de seguimiento de los efectos del accidente de Aznalcóllar, Sevilla: Junta de Andalucía.
Giddens, Anthony (1984), The constitution of society, Cambridge: Polity.
Greenpeace (2000), Doñana. Dos años después del vertido de Analcóllar, Informe.
Hajer, Marteen A. (1995), The politics of environmental discourse.
Ecological Modernization and the Policy Process, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Jamison, Andrew (2001), The Making of Green Knowledge. Environmental Politics and Cultural Transformation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Juris, Jeff (2008), Networking Futures: the Movements against Corporate Globalization, Durham and London: Duke University Press.
Kitschelt, Herbert (1991), “Resources Mobilization Theory: A Critique”, in Dieter Rucht [ed.], Research on social movements: the state of the art in Western Europe and the USA, Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
Klandermans, Bert, Hanspeter Kriesi and Sidney G. Tarrow (1988), From structure to action: comparing social movement research across cultures, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Klandermans, Bert (1997), The social psychology of protest, Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers.
Knorr-Cetina, Karin (1981), “The micro-sociological challenge of macro-sociology: Towards a reconstruction of social theory and methodology” in Karin Knorr-Cetina, and Aaron V. Cicourel [eds.], Advances in social theory and methodology: Toward an Integration of Micro- and Macro-Sociologies, London: Routledge & Keagan Paul.
Kriesi, Hanspeter (1995), New social movements in Western Europe: a comparative analysis, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Laraña, Enrique (1999), La construcción de los movimientos sociales, Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Latour, Bruno (1987), Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Latour, Bruno (1993), Nunca hemos sido modernos, Madrid: Debate.
Latour, Bruno (1994), “Where are the missing masses? The sociology of a few mundane artifacts”, in Wiebe Bijker and John Law [eds.], Shaping technology / building society: studies in sociotechnical change, Cambrigde, MA: The MIT Press.
Latour, Bruno (1999a), Pandora’s hope: Essays on the reality of science studies, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Latour, Bruno (1999b), “On Recalling ANT”. In John Law and John Hassard [eds.], Actor Network and After, Oxford: Blackwell and the Sociological Review.
Latour, Bruno (2000), “When Things Strike Back: A Possible Contribution of Science Studies to the Social Sciences”, in British Journal of Sociology 51(1).
Latour, Bruno (2004), Politiques of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences into Democracy, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Latour, Bruno (2005), Reassembling the social: An introduction to actor-network-theory, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Latour, Bruno and Steve Woolgar (1979), Laboratory Life: the Social Construction of Scientific facts. London and Beverly Hills: Sage.
Law, John (1987), “Technology and heterogeneous engineering: The case of Portuguese expansion”, In by Wiebe E. Bijker, Thomas P. Hugues and Trevor J. Pinch [eds.], The social construction of technological systems: New directions in the sociology and history of technology, Cambridge: MIT Press.
Law, John (1994), Organizing modernity, Oxford: Blackwell.
Law, John and John Hassard [eds.] (1999), Actor Network Theory and After, Oxford: Blackwell.
Lockie, Stewart (2004), “Collective Agency, Non-Human Causality and Environmental Social Movements: A Case Study of the Australian ‘Landcare Movement’”, in Journal of Sociology, 40(1).
McAdam, Doug, John McCarthy, J. and Mayer Zald (1996), Comparative perspectives on social movements: political opportunities, mobilizing structures, and cultural framings, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Melucci, Alberto, John Keane and Paul Mier (1989), Nomads of the present: social movements and individual needs in contemporary society, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Melucci, Alberto (1992), “Frontier Land: Collective Action between Actors and Systems”, in Mario Diani and Roy Eyerman [eds.], Studying Collective Action, London: Sage.
Melucci, Alberto (1996), Challenging codes: collective action in the information age, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mendiola, Ignacio (2003), “Hacia una redefinición de los movimientos sociales: macro-actores proxémicos”, in Athenea Digital, 4(2).
Murdoch, Jonathan (1997), “Inhuman/nonhuman/human: actor-network theory and the prospects for a nondualistic and symmetrical perspective on nature and society”, in Environment and Planning, 15.
Nelkin, Dorothy (1994), “Science controversies: The dynamics of public disputes in the United States”, in Sheila Jasanoff, Gerald E. Markle, James C. Peterson, and Trevor Pinch [eds.], Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, Thousand Oaks, Ca.: Sage Publications.
Purdue, Derrick A. (2000), Anti-Genetix. The emergence of the anti-GM movement, Ashgate: Aldershot.
Rabeharisoa, Vololona and Callon, Michel (1999), Le Pouvoir des malades. L’Association française contre les myopathies et la recherche, París: Les Presses de l’Ecole des mines de Paris.
Rucht, Dieter (1991), Research on social movements: the state of the art in Western Europe and the USA, Frankfurt am Main Boulder, Colo.: Campus Verlag; Westview Press.
Rule, James B. (1989), “Rationality and Non-Rationality in Militant Collective Action”, in Sociological Theory, 7(2).
Sheller, Mimi (2001), “The Mechanisms of Mobility and Liquidity: Re-thinking the Movement in Social Movements,” published by the Department of Sociology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YN, UK.
Strum, Sheila C. and Bruno Latour (1987), “Redefining the social link: From baboons to humans” in Social Science Information, 26.
Szasz, Andrew (1994), Ecopopulism: Toxic Waste and the Movement for Environmental Justice, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Tilly, Charles (2004), Social Movements, 1768-2004, Boulder, Colorado: Paradigm Press.
Tilly, Charles and Sidney Tarrow (2007), Contentious politics, Boulder, Colorado: Paradigm Publishers.
WWF/ADENA (2004), Report on the situation of the Aznalcóllar Mine and the Guadiamar Green Corridor, Madrid: WWF.
Yearley, Steven (1996), Sociology, environmentalism, globalization: reinventing the globe, London: Sage.