Science, stereotypes and gender: a review of the explanatory frameworks

Resumen

This article looks into the international literature that explores the unequal gender distribution in Science and Technology (S&T) to review dominant theoretical approaches focused on the role of gender stereotypes in the election of professional and educational paths. Taking into account the limitations of the biological approach, from both an empirical and conceptual point of view, the perspectives focused on psychosocial and socio-cultural processes and the culture of science insist on the persistence of stereotypes and on their fragility and permeability as well. The article highlights that programs to reduce the gender gap are marked by the dominant theoretical perspectives, as well as the appropriateness of adopting global and innovative actions to promote an S&T system based on equality, excellence and competitiveness.